Treatment and Prevention
Schizophrenia cannot be prevented, since we do not yet understand what causes
it. There is no cure, but antipsychotic medications can effectively treat
the symptoms. It is very important that the medications are taken correctly
and regularly, according to your doctor's instructions.
Antipsychotic medications can control delusions and hallucinations.
These can greatly lower the chances of further psychotic episodes. Most people
respond well to a number of the tried-and-true "conventional," "typical,"
or first-generation medications. Due to the side effects of these medications,
schizophrenia is increasingly being treated with a newer generation of medications,
called "novel," "atypical," or second-generation antipsychotic
medications. With any therapy, the dose a person is started on might need adjustment
in order to find a good balance between the treatment and the side effects.
Other medications can also be prescribed to help reduce the side effects of
antipsychotic medications.
The more common side effects of antipsychotic medications can include:
- lethargy
- muscle stiffness
- tremors or involuntary movements of lips, tongue, arms, or legs
- weight gain
In all instances, a doctor will monitor the person for side effects and will
ensure the medication is working.
People being treated for schizophrenia require more than just medical treatment.
They also need to be coached on coping with the stresses of daily life, since
these can aggravate symptoms or cause a relapse.
Health care professionals are on hand to help people take care of themselves.
They can advise those living with schizophrenia on how to have better relationships
with the people around them and on how to hold onto a job. These are all skills
that must be learned, since the illness has kept many of those affected from
participating in activities others take for granted. Rehabilitation and psychotherapy
provide assistance that allow people with schizophrenia to live independently.
Along with appropriate medical treatment, having a good support network of
friends and family can make a difference in dealing with schizophrenia, and
make inroads towards leading a full, productive life. It is important that family
members become informed consumers and be educated about the condition so that
they can be advocates for their loved ones. For more information, consult your
community mental health agencies or the National Institute of Mental Health.